pip 安装报错解决方案

如果您到 pip 默认源的网络连接较差，临时使用本镜像站来升级 pip：
python -m pip install -i https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/pypi/web/simple --upgrade pip

python -m pip install --upgrade pip -i https://pypi.org/simple/

pip download matplotlib -d ./wheels

pip install --no-index --find-links=./wheels  matplotlib

1. 重新安装 pip（推荐）​​
​​方法 1：使用 ensurepip重新安装​
python -m ensurepip --upgrade

​​SyntaxError: source code string cannot contain null bytes​​表示 Python 尝试加载的某个 .py文件中包含​​非法空字节（\x00）​​，通常是因为：

1. 文件损坏（如磁盘错误、下载不完整）。
2. 虚拟环境（venv）中的 pip 安装不完整。
3. 系统编码问题（罕见）。

PS C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\pythonProject> python -m pip install -i https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/pypi/web/simple --upgrade pip
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<frozen runpy>", line 198, in _run_module_as_main
  File "<frozen runpy>", line 88, in _run_code
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\pythonProject\venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\__main__.py", line 29, in <module>
    from pip._internal.cli.main import main as _main
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\pythonProject\venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\main.py", line 9, in <module>
    from pip._internal.cli.autocompletion import autocomplete
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\pythonProject\venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\autocompletion.py", line 10, in <module>
    from pip._internal.cli.main_parser import create_main_parser
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\pythonProject\venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\main_parser.py", line 8, in <module>
    from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\pythonProject\venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\cmdoptions.py", line 23, in <module>
    from pip._internal.cli.parser import ConfigOptionParser
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\pythonProject\venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\parser.py", line 12, in <module>
    from pip._internal.configuration import Configuration, ConfigurationError
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\pythonProject\venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\configuration.py", line 20, in <module>
    from pip._internal.exceptions import (
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\pythonProject\venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\exceptions.py", line 8, in <module>
    from pip._vendor.requests.models import Request, Response
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\pythonProject\venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\requests\__init__.py", line 43, in <module>
    from pip._vendor import urllib3
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\pythonProject\venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\__init__.py", line 11, in <module>
    from . import exceptions
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\pythonProject\venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\exceptions.py", line 3, in <module>
    from .packages.six.moves.http_client import IncompleteRead as httplib_IncompleteRead
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\pythonProject\venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\packages\__init__.py", line 3, in <module>
    from . import ssl_match_hostname
SyntaxError: source code string cannot contain null bytes
PS C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\pythonProject> python -m pip install -i https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/pypi/web/simple --upgrade pip
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<frozen runpy>", line 198, in _run_module_as_main
  File "<frozen runpy>", line 88, in _run_code
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\pythonProject\venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\__main__.py", line 29, in <module>
    from pip._internal.cli.main import main as _main
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\pythonProject\venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\main.py", line 9, in <module>
    from pip._internal.cli.autocompletion import autocomplete
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\pythonProject\venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\autocompletion.py", line 10, in <module>
    from pip._internal.cli.main_parser import create_main_parser
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\pythonProject\venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\main_parser.py", line 8, in <module>
    from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\pythonProject\venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\cmdoptions.py", line 23, in <module>
    from pip._internal.cli.parser import ConfigOptionParser
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\pythonProject\venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\parser.py", line 12, in <module>
    from pip._internal.configuration import Configuration, ConfigurationError
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\pythonProject\venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\configuration.py", line 20, in <module>
    from pip._internal.exceptions import (
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\pythonProject\venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\exceptions.py", line 8, in <module>
    from pip._vendor.requests.models import Request, Response
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\pythonProject\venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\requests\__init__.py", line 43, in <module>
    from pip._vendor import urllib3
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\pythonProject\venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\__init__.py", line 11, in <module>
    from . import exceptions
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\pythonProject\venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\exceptions.py", line 3, in <module>
    from .packages.six.moves.http_client import IncompleteRead as httplib_IncompleteRead
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\pythonProject\venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\packages\__init__.py", line 3, in <module>
    from . import ssl_match_hostname
SyntaxError: source code string cannot contain null bytes